Three-spined stickleback

D-Dreistachliger Stichling; GB-Three-spined stickleback; DK-Trepigget hundestejle; PL-Ciernik; LT-Trispyglė dyglė; LV-Trīsadatu stagars; EST-Ogalik; RU-Трёхиглая колюшка; FIN-Kolmipiikki; S-Storspigg

Characters

1) In front of dorsal fin 3 (seldom 4) free spines.
2) Body covered with noticeable bony scutes.
3) Pelvic fins spine-like.
Up to 8 to 11 cm length, often staying smaller.

Similar species

Nine-spined stickleback - 9 to 11 dorsal spines; distance between end of pectoral fin to origin of dorsal fin about as long, as the pectoral fin itself (vs. shorter in three-spined stickleback).

Fifteen-spined stickleback - body elongated; 14 to 17 free dorsal spines; very long caudal peduncle.

Biology

Reproduction occurs in freshwater, but also partially in coastal areas. The male constructs on the bottom a nest of plant material during spawning time (March - July). Females deposit there their eggs, which are fertilized and defended by the male. The male is distinguished during this time because of a remarkable red abdomen (wedding dress). Outside the spawning season the animals form dense swarms.

Diet

Feeds on small animals and fish fry.

Importance

Of no commercial importance.

Endangerment

Not endangered.